1. Introduction to HAZID Study
Hazard Identification (HAZID) is a proactive risk assessment technique used in industries like oil & gas and polyolefins to identify potential hazards early in the project lifecycle. HAZID aims to prevent accidents by systematically analyzing possible risks and ensuring proper safeguards are in place.
Key Objectives of HAZID:
- Identify hazards related to health, safety, and environment (HSE).
- Assess the consequences of these hazards.
- Recommend control measures to mitigate risks.
- Improve plant safety during design, construction, operation, and decommissioning.
2. When is a HAZID Study Conducted?
A HAZID study is typically performed at the conceptual and front-end engineering design (FEED) stages. However, it can also be conducted:
- Before modifications to an existing facility.
- During site selection and facility siting studies.
- As part of regulatory compliance requirements.
- After major incidents to prevent recurrence.
3. HAZID Methodology
The HAZID process involves a structured brainstorming session facilitated by experts. The methodology follows these steps:
Step 1: Define the Study Scope
- Identify the system, process, or facility under assessment.
- Define hazard categories:
- Fire & Explosion
- Toxic Releases
- Environmental Damage
- Structural Failures
- Human Factors
Step 2: Gather Relevant Information
- Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) & Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs).
- Layout drawings and equipment specifications.
- Regulatory and safety standards (e.g., API, NFPA, OSHA, IEC).
Step 3: Conduct Hazard Identification Session
- A multidisciplinary team brainstorms potential hazards using structured guidewords (similar to HAZOP).
- The risk ranking is assigned based on severity and likelihood.
- Existing safeguards are reviewed to determine effectiveness.
Step 4: Recommend Risk Mitigation Measures
- Modify design layouts to reduce risks.
- Implement safety barriers (firewalls, gas detectors, emergency response systems).
- Improve operating procedures and training.
Step 5: Document and Review Findings
- A detailed HAZID report is prepared.
- Action items are assigned and monitored for implementation.
4. HAZID Team Composition
A successful HAZID study requires a cross-functional team including:
- Process Engineers – Understand the system design.
- HSE Specialists – Assess health and safety impacts.
- Operations & Maintenance Personnel – Provide practical insights.
- Project Managers – Ensure feasibility of recommendations.
- Regulatory Experts – Align with legal requirements.
5. Example: HAZID for an Offshore Oil Platform
Scenario:
A new offshore gas production platform is being designed. The HAZID study identifies the following hazards:
| Hazard | Potential Consequence | Existing Controls | Recommendations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gas Leak | Fire/Explosion | Gas Detectors, ESD System | Install additional detectors, improve leak detection procedures |
| Structural Failure | Platform Collapse | Design per API 2A | Conduct additional structural analysis |
| Personnel Evacuation Issues | Injuries, Fatalities | Lifeboats, Muster Stations | Improve evacuation drills, increase signage |
6. Reference Codes and Standards
HAZID studies align with multiple industry standards:
- IEC 61882 – Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP & HAZID)
- API 14C – Analysis of Offshore Production Systems
- OSHA 1910.119 – Process Safety Management (PSM)
- ISO 31000 – Risk Management Principles
- NFPA 30 – Flammable Liquids Code
7. Advantages and Limitations of HAZID
Advantages:
✔ Early identification of risks reduces design changes later.
✔ Helps in regulatory compliance and obtaining approvals.
✔ Improves overall plant safety and reliability.
Limitations:
✖ HAZID does not quantify risks (unlike QRA).
✖ Highly dependent on expert judgment.
✖ Needs frequent updates to stay relevant.
8. Conclusion
A HAZID study is an essential tool for identifying and mitigating risks early in the design phase of oil & gas and polyolefins projects. By systematically analyzing hazards and implementing appropriate controls, industries can significantly reduce the likelihood of major accidents.
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